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Rome and the Barbarians  (36 lectures, 30 minutes/lecture)  Course No. 3460    Taught by Kenneth W. Harl 
Tulane University  Ph.D., Yale University        Course Lecture Titles:   	   1. Greek and Roman Views of Barbarians  
2. The Roman Republic   3. Roman Society   4. The Roman Way of War   5. Celtic Europe and the Mediterranean World   6.
The Conquest of Cisalpine Gaul   7. Romans and Carthaginians in Spain   8. The Roman Conquest of Spain   9. The Genesis
of Roman Spain   10. Jugurtha and the Nomadic Threat   11. Marius and the Northern Barbarians   12. Rome's Rivals in the
East   13. The Price of Empire—The Roman Revolution   14. Julius Caesar and the Conquest of Gaul   15. Early
Germanic Europe   16. The Nomads of Eastern Europe   17. Arsacid Parthia   18. The Augustan Principate and Imperialism  
19. The Roman Imperial Army   20. The Varian Disaster   21. The Roman Conquest of Britain   22. Civil War and Rebellion 
 23. Flavian Frontiers and the Dacians   24. Trajan, the Dacians, and the Parthians   25. Romanization of the Provinces 
 26. Commerce Beyond the Imperial Frontiers   27. Frontier Settlement and Assimilation   28. From Germanic Tribes to
Confederations   29. Goths and the Crisis of the Third Century   30. Eastern Rivals—Sassanid Persia   31. Rome
and the Barbarians in the Fourth Century   32. From Foes to Federates   33. Imperial Crisis and Decline   34. Attila and
the Huns   35. Justinian and the Barbarians   36. Birth of the Barbarian Medieval West

  
  
  The
history of the Romans and the "barbarians" they encountered as their mighty legions advanced the frontiers of Classical
civilization has in large part been written as a story of warfare and conquest.
  
  But to tell the story on
only that level leaves many questions unanswered, not only about the Romans but about the barbarians, as well.
 

   * Who were these Celts, Goths, Huns, Persians, and so many others met by the Romans as they marched to the
north and east? And what made them "barbarians" in the eyes of Rome?
   * What were the political, military, and
social institutions that made Rome so stable, allowing its power to be wielded against these different cultures for
almost three centuries?
   * What role did those institutions themselves play in actually assimilating barbarian
peoples, first as provincials and often as players in a vast process of actual Romanization? 
  
  What
Constitutes a "Barbarian"? Explore the Basis of Western European Civilization
  
  Rome and the Barbarians
tells the story of the complex relationships between each of these native peoples and their Roman conquerors as they
intermarried, exchanged ideas and mores, and, in the ensuing provincial Roman cultures, formed the basis of Western
European civilization.
  As you examine the interaction between Rome and the barbarians from approximately 300
B.C.-600 A.D., you learn that the definition of "barbarian" was, effectively, the "next group not under Roman control."
And you see how that definition was always changing, as former barbarians became incorporated into the Roman world,
becoming provincials and, often, eventually Romanized themselves.
  In leading you through this 900-year period,
Tulane University’s Professor Kenneth W. Harl organizes the course around two major themes:
  
   * the
makeup of Roman society, politics, and military organization, particularly from the standpoint of how those institutions
enabled the Romans not only to conquer those peoples, but assimilate them
   * the role played by the most recent
of Rome’s barbarian foes—especially the Germans and the Persians—in bringing down the Roman Empire,
including the question of what gave them the "military or political edge" to accomplish this. 
  
  Throughout
these lectures, and the introduction of each new barbarian culture, Professor Harl emphasizes three crucial aspects of
Rome’s relationships with them:
  
   1. the ability of the Romans to adapt and build pragmatically
upon existing structures of the barbarian world, using what worked, and not simply imposing a "Roman way"
   2. the
ways in which the Romans looked upon these barbarians not only as outsiders, but also as potential allies and
provincials
   3. what barbarian societies were like at the time of Roman contact and conquest, and how, through
assimilation, they contributed to the successful establishment of Roman provinces. 
  
  Enjoy an Intimate
Sense of History
  
  Professor Harl is an eight-time winner of Tulane University’s Student Award for
Excellence in Teaching. His other popular courses for The Teaching Company have explored The Era of the Crusades, The
World of Byzantium, and Great Ancient Civilizations of Asia Minor.
  
  As in each of those courses, Professor
Harl, in Rome and the Barbarians, puts on display a prodigious knowledge, combined with a wry wit and street-level
familiarity with his subject that allows him to navigate the most distant pathways of history with a rare sense of
intimacy.
  
  In this course, Professor Harl has the opportunity to share the nuances of his principal area
of interest and research—indeed, his passion—in exploring a subject whose influence on today’s
world, more than 1,400 years later, is as apparent to us now as it must have been then.
  
  "What Rome
perhaps gave, foremost, to the barbarian successor states were certainly some of the institutions, the literary culture,
the organization that survived in the church, as well as the model to which to aspire," says Professor Harl.
  
  "Even after Rome, as a political force, had disappeared, Rome remained a mentor to these peoples, who fused to
become the ancestors of the modern Europeans."
  
  "Rome is, therefore, ever present with us, and is ever a
mentor, even to us today, as it was for those barbarians of the 5th, 6th, and 7th centuries."
  
  Nine
Centuries of Fascinating Characters
  
  Beyond the institutions that made Rome so extraordinary, of course,
are the equally extraordinary figures—both Roman and "barbarian"—whose names have been familiar to us for
so long, along with some that are not.
  
  Among the many figures you’ll not only encounter, but come
to know are:
  
   * Augustus, the emperor whose organizational genius allowed him to establish the
constitutional basis of the Principate—the imperial government in which the emperor rules in accordance with the
symbols and powers of the Republic
   * Constantine I, who reunited the Roman world and, in dedicating
Constantinople—"New Rome"—as a Christian capital, assured the future of the Christian Byzantine empire
   * Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, one of the greatest of Roman commanders, whose defeat of Hannibal ended the
Second Punic War
   * Diocletian, the emperor who put the empire on a sound fiscal footing and attempted to create
a permanent Tetrarchy, wherein imperial power was shared by two senior and two junior emperors
   * Jugurtha, the
Numidian king whose wars against his cousins for mastery of Numidia caused him to blunder into a scandalous war with
Rome
   * Gaius Julius Caesar, the most famous Roman of them all and the creator of the Roman imperial monarchy. As
a dictator, he reformed Rome, but his monarchical aspirations led to his assassination
   * Nero, whose amoral and
outrageous conduct alienated the ruling classes and frontier legions and precipitated his downfall and suicide
   *
Attila, the Hun ruler whose devastating raids into the Balkans earned him the sobriquet "Scourge of God," and whose life
of warfare and violence ended, ironically, with a death from overindulgence at his own wedding
   * Shapur I, the
second Sassanid Shah of Persia who waged three successful campaigns against Rome, captured the Emperor Valerian, and
sacked Antioch, the third city of the Roman Empire
   * Ermanaric, the King of the Gothic confederation, remembered
in Norse legend as a cunning and cruel tyrant, who committed suicide after being defeated by Huns and Alans in 375. 
  
  A list like this can only begin to scratch the surface of the personalities brought to life by Professor
Harl, whose dedication to this historical place and period is so complete he can be accurately described as speaking of
individual Romans—as well as barbarian kings—as if they were acquaintances.
  
  But these
lectures deliver far more than personal snapshots, as compelling as those may be.
  
  The Institutions that
Shaped Rome and Her New Provinces
  
  Professor Harl also brings to life the institutions that shaped both
Rome and her relationship with, and assimilation of, the barbarians at her constantly expanding frontiers.
  

 You learn about the nuances of Roman politics, and how one advanced—or didn’t—in the Roman
hierarchy.
  
  You study the rules of servitude in the Roman world, and the upward mobility possible even for
many slaves.
  
  You find out about the daily lives of Rome’s fighting men—including the
techniques that made them so feared—and how changes in military organization brought about by the pressures of
maintaining an empire took an inevitable toll on the might of Rome’s forces.
  
  Engage in an Unusual
Depth of Detail
  
  Professor Harl spices his analysis with a depth of detail that makes this long-ago world
live once again. You’ll learn about:
  
   * the extraordinary design principle behind Roman
encampments, which still survives in the street plans of cities in Western Europe and elsewhere
   * the
ignominious end of the notorious Ptolemy the "Thunderbolt," ruler of Macedon, his head made into a drinking cup after
his failure to defeat the Gauls, who, like other Celts, often took heads as a way of counting the dead
   * the
Roman focus on enforcing taxation, and how this actually strengthened Carthage and gave Hannibal the funds to reopen the
struggle against Rome
   * how Caesar’s Commentaries, long maligned as little more than a primer for those
studying Latin, survives as a guide to generalship relied on by no less a tactician than William Tecumseh Sherman
 
 * Professor Harl’s light-hearted tale of how the Goths, no matter how much fear they stirred, were utterly
stumped by the problem of mounting a successful siege against a walled city
   * the importance to the Romans of
logistics, and how the elaborate all-weather roads they constructed to support their strategic mobility still form the
road systems of Western Europe
   * the catastrophic Varian disaster and how it forever changed Rome’s
perceptions of whether the barbarians at her northwestern borders could ever be truly controlled
   * the
humiliating fate of the captured Emperor Valerian—whom records suggest spent the remainder of his days as a
mounting stool for Shah Shapur. 
  
  Rome and the Barbarians gives you a new appreciation of how our Western
world came to be and detailed knowledge about the individuals from royalty to "barbarian" who played key roles in that
process. 						

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